Global computer network Internet.
Internet connection
computer science and ICT lesson for 10th grade
according to the textbook by N. D. Ugrinovich
Developed by Yurgina E.Z.,
IT-teacher
village Shulka, 2013
LESSON PASSPORT
Class – 10;
Location– computer science room;
Duration- 45 minutes;
Discipline– Computer Science and ICT;
Lesson topic– Global computer network Internet. Internet connection;
Lesson type– combined;
The purpose of the lesson: deepen and develop knowledge about the history of the Internet computer network and ways to connect a computer to the Internet;
Tasks:
Educational:
consider the history of the creation of the Internet;
get to know how to connect to the Internet
repeat and generalize knowledge about computer networks;
Educational:
develop students’ cognitive and creative activity;
develop in schoolchildren the ability to express thoughts and simulate a situation;
Educational:
instill interest in the subject;
cultivate respect for different points of view, the ability to argue with dignity, and the ability to work in a group.
Basic didactic method– practical;
Didactic and ICT tools– laptop, smart – board, projector, speakers, presentation, video, task cards.
Bibliography:
11.2. Website: http://kpolyakov.narod.ru/school/ege.htm
Lesson Plan
Organizing time .(1 min)
Updating knowledge .(8min)
"Discovery" of new knowledge .(28 min)
Speech by student “History of Internet Development” (7 min)
Video: Methods of connecting to the Internet (10 min)
Work in groups “Advantages and disadvantages of the Internet”. (11 min)
Summarizing. (2 minutes)
Homework. (1 min)
Reflection. (5 minutes)
Lesson summary
Org moment. State the topic and purpose of the lesson. Today in class we will continue to talk about the global computer network Internet. Let's get acquainted with the history of the creation of the Internet and methods of connecting to the Internet. (write down the topic of the lesson in a notebook)
Updating knowledge.
Local network – a network connecting computers located over short distances.
Global networks - networks connecting computers remote over long distances for the common use of the world's information resources.
Addressing is a way to identify subscribers on the network.
Protocol– this is a special technical agreement for working on the network
Server– a network node that presents its resources to other nodes (computers), but does not itself use their resources.
Client– a network node that only uses network resources, but does not provide its resources to the network.
Domain - This is the part of the address that determines the address of the user's computer on the network.
Match the diagram with the name of the local network topology
star
ring
tire
Checking students' work using cards.
- What word did you get? (Internet)
3. Work on new material.
What is the Internet ? (This is a global computer network that includes local, regional, corporate networks and connects millions of computers around the world)
1) History of the creation of the Internet (speech by a previously prepared student)
Appendix 2
2)Methods of connecting to the Internet
Currently, you can connect to the Internet through satellite communications, radio channels, cable television, telephone, cellular communications, special fiber-optic lines or electrical wires. The World Wide Web has become an integral part of life in developed and developing countries.
(Write in notebook)
2. Connection via ADSL modem.
3. Connection via mobile phone
4. Local network connection
7. Satellite Internet - 
6. Fiber optic connection
5. Wireless Wi-Fi connection
I suggest watching a video about the main ways to connect to the Internet. (Watch a video Connecting to the Internet)
Yes, the world has really changed with the advent of the global computer network Internet. Humanity has acquired fantastic capabilities in the field of communications.
However, everything is far from being as simple and rosy as it might seem at first glance. The global spread of computer networks brings with it a number of problems that we don't think much about and that we should be aware of.
Let's try to identify the strengths and weaknesses, advantages and disadvantages of the global spread of computer networks. To do this, we will split into 2 teams: 1 team will defend the Internet, the other will blame.
| Supporters | Opponents |
| Communication without borders in real time | Replacing real communication with virtual communication |
| Operational global information search | Decreased creativity |
| Transferring file information without using external media | Harm to health |
| Internet commerce and banking | Telephone network congestion |
| Entertainment | Spread of computer viruses |
| Distance learning opportunities | Dissemination of illegal information |
| Systems of operational sociological survey | Possibility of false information |
| Distributed Computing | Relative insecurity of electronic money |
| Email spam |
|
| Invasion of privacy |
|
| High cost of provider services |
So, we were able to look at the global computer network Internet from various angles. What can be concluded? (children's withdrawal)
4. Summing up. Summarizing all of the above, we can conclude that the Internet is a global computer network that unites many local, regional and corporate networks and includes hundreds of millions of servers constantly connected to the network. The Internet is a very important source of information, which, of course, should be used, but one should not forget about the problems that a computer network poses and treat it with a degree of reasonable skepticism.
5. D/z draw up a comparative table of methods for connecting to the Internet (advantages and disadvantages)
6. Reflection.Students put marks in the sectors according to the assessment of the result: the closer to the center of the target, the better. A brief analysis is then carried out.
Thank you everyone for your work in class.
Annex 1
Test to test knowledge on the topic: “Computer networks”
Computers connected by information transmission channels and located within the same building form...
f) Regional computer network;
m) Global computer network;
r) Information system with hyperconnectivity;
p) Worldwide Computer Network
A computer that shares its resources with other computers when working together is called...
f) Switch;
m) Server;
r) Adapter;
p) Modem
The connection diagram of network nodes is called ______________ network.
f) Protocol;
m) Provider;
r) Topology;
p) Router.
4.
What makes it impossible to connect a computer to a local network:
i) Computer type,
f) Lack of network card,
m) Lack of a disk drive,
r) Lack of a network printer,
p) Availability of server
5. What is a peer-to-peer network?
i) Local network;
f) A network in which there are master and slave computers;
m) Networks with bus and ring topology;
p) A network in which all computers have equal capabilities;
r) Corporate network.
6. Specify the maximum number of computers in a direct connection.
7. If there are several computers, then to connect them into a network you need an additional device...
i) Connector;
e) Switch;
p) Networker;
t) Adapter.
8. Data transfer speed is characterized...
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Appendix 2
History of the development of the Internet
The indirect impetus for the creation of the Internet was the launch of the first artificial satellite in the Soviet Union in 1957. The Cold War had already begun and the United States, realizing that Sputnik was just the tip of the iceberg of Soviet military research, saw the threat of using missiles to launch a nuclear strike on the United States. In the same 1957, the US Department of Defense established the Scientific Research Projects Agency - ARPA. One of the areas of the Agency's work was the creation of computer technologies for military purposes, in particular for communications. Scientists were tasked with creating a computer network that could be used by the military during a nuclear attack on the country. The network was to be used to communicate between command posts of the defense system. The main criterion when creating the network was considered to be the network's invulnerability to partial destruction during a nuclear attack. In 1962, work on computer projects began within the ARPA Agency. Joseph Licklider was appointed head of the computer program. In 1966, the creation of the Arpanet computer network began. In October 1967, it was decided to use the concepts of P. Baren and J. Licklider to create Arpanet. The essence of P. Baren's idea is that the file that needs to be transferred over the network is divided into several parts - packets. Each packet is transmitted independently of the others. At the final point on the computer, all packets are collected into one file. From October to December 1969, four US university centers - the University of California Los Angeles, the University of California Santa Barbara, the Stanford Research Institute and the University of Utah - were united into one network. 1969 is considered the year of the birth of the Internet, since subsequent events showed that the Arpanet network became the basis of the Internet. In 1972, the public organization INWG was created - a working group on international networks, under the leadership of Vincent Cerf. Surf and his colleagues coined the term "Internet". Today Vincent Cerf is called the "Father of the Internet."
In 1973, the first organizations from Great Britain and Norway were connected to the network via a transatlantic telephone cable.
At the end of the 70s, data transfer protocols began to develop rapidly. Which were standardized in 1982 - 1983.
On January 1, 1983, the ARPANET switched from the NCP protocol to TCP/IP, which is still successfully used to connect networks.
In 1984, the domain name system (DomainNameSystem, DNS) was developed. In the same year, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) founded the inter-university network NSFNet, which was made up of smaller networks and had much greater capacity than ARPANET.
In 1988, the InternetRelayChat protocol was developed, making real-time communication (chat) possible on the Internet, which played a very important role in the history of the creation and development of the Internet.
In 1989, the concept of the World Wide Web was born in Europe. It was proposed by the British scientist Tim Berners-Lee, who, within two years, developed the HTTP protocol, the HTML language and URIs.
In 1990, the ARPANET network ceased to exist. In the same year, the first connection to the Internet via a telephone line was recorded.
In 1991, the World Wide Web became publicly available on the Internet.
In 1995, the World Wide Web became the main provider of information on the Internet.
In 1997, there were about 10 million computers on the Internet, and more than 1 million domain names were registered.
| Lesson planning and lesson materials | 10th grade | Planning lessons for the school year | Test
Lesson 40
Test
Test on the topic: “Computer networks”
1. A network that connects a small number of computers and exists within one organization is called...
A) global network. B) local network. C) regional network. D) corporate network.
2. A device that, on the transmitter side, converts a digital computer signal into a modulated analog signal, and on the receiver side performs the reverse conversion of the signals.
A) Network adapter. B) Printer. C) Modem. D) Network switch.
3. A device that connects a PC to a communication line.
A) Modem. B) Network hub. C) Printer. D) Network adapter.
4. A computer designed for shared use, including all resources, is called...
A) file server. B) workstation. C) user. D) slave.
5. Local network configuration in which all PCs are connected to the same communication line.
6. Local network configuration based on a file server.
A) Ring. B) Tire. C) Snowflake. D) Star.
7. Standard Internet protocol.
A) PPP. B) SLIP. C) TCP/IP. D) ISO.
8. What is related to network equipment?
A) Hub. B) Switch. C) Adapter. D) All answers are correct.
9. Computers or programs that convert data from a format accepted on one network to a format accepted on another.
10. Equipment located between networks using the same protocols is called...
A) Bridge. B) Tire. C) Firewall. D) Gateway.
Test on the topic: “Types of computer networks”
Option #1
1. What makes it impossible to connect a computer to the global network:
A. Type of computer, b. Composition of peripheral devices, c. No disk drive, d. Lack of network card.
A. Wires; b. Cables; c. Radio communication, d. All of the above.
A. Bandwidth; b. Processor performance; c. Memory capacities, d. All of the above.
4. A device that converts analog signals into digital signals and vice versa is called:
5. The unification of computers and local networks located at a remote distance for the common use of world information resources is called...
6. Decrypt the LAN.
7. A computer connected to the Internet must have:
A. local network; b. global network; c. corporate network; d. regional network.
8. Draw the topology of the connection of star-type computers.
9. The address of the server of the MTU-INFORM company is set: 195.34.32.11. Indicate its membership in a network of one class or another and the address of the computer on the network.
Option No. 2
1. What type of networks is called peer-to-peer?
A. local network; b. global network; c. corporate network; d. regional network.
2. Communication channels usually used in computer networks are:
A. Cables; b. Wires; c. Radio communication, d. All of the above.
3. The effectiveness of computer communication usually depends on:
A. Processor performance; b. Memory capacities c. Expansion possibilities, d. All of the above.
4. A device that performs the functions of pairing computers with communication channels is called:
A. network card; b. modem; c. CPU; d. adapter.
5. Select the most absolutely reliable communication channel from those offered:
A. fiber optic cable; b. twisted pair; c. coaxial cable; d. phone line.
6. Decipher the RVS.
7. A computer that provides its resources for use by other computers when working together is called:
A. adapter; b. switch; c. server; d. client-server.
8. Sketch the “Tree” type computer connection topology.
9. The address of the server address of the MTU-INFORM company is set: dialup.mtu.ru. Specify its top-level domain and computer address on the network.
Test
«
Internet. Multimedia technologies"
Option #1
1. What makes it impossible to connect a computer to the global network:
1. Computer type,
3. No disk drive,
4. No network card.
1. Wires;
2. Cables;
3. Radio communication,
4. All of the above.
1. Bandwidth;
2. Processor performance;
3. Memory capacities,
4. All of the above.
4. A device that converts analog signals into digital signals and vice versa is called:
1. network card;
3. processor;
4. adapter.
5. The unification of computers and local networks located at a remote distance for the common use of world information resources is called...
1. local network;
2. global network;
3. corporate network;
4. regional network.
6. Decrypt the LAN.
7. A computer connected to the Internet must have:
1. local network;
2. global network;
3. corporate network;
4. regional network.
8. Draw the topology of the star connection between computers.
9. The address of the server of the MTU-INFORM company is set: 195.34.32.11. Indicate its membership in a network of one class or another and the address of the computer on the network.
1. Keyboard,
2. Joystick
4. All of the above.
11. Where you can use computer networks:
3. At school,
4. All of the above.
12. The advantages of computer communication include:
2. Reducing the cost of telephone calls,
3. Reducing the number of underground cables,
4. All of the above.
1. Microprocessor,
2. Modem,
3. Language processor,
4. By telephone.
14. To determine the cost of a purchase, the store cashier uses:
1. Printer,
3. Scanner,
4. Plotter.
15. Local networks use:
1. Wires and cables,
2. Telephone lines,
3. Electronic tubes,
4. Crystal.
16. The World Wide Web is a system on the global network called:
17. A computer network is...
1. a set of computers and various devices that provide information exchange between computers on a network without the use of any intermediate storage media
18. Protocols are...
19. Match
2. Workstation | b) a special computer that is designed to remotely launch applications, process requests for information from databases and provide communication with common external devices |
3. Network technology | |
20.
21. The browser is...
22. Match
1. Local network | |
2. Regional network | |
3. Corporate network | |
4. Global network |
4. http://www. *****
24. Match
1. World Wide Web WWW | |
2. Email e-mail | |
3. FTP File Transfer | |
4. UseNet teleconference | |
25.
1. http://www. *****
2. http://www. *****
3. http://www. *****
4. http://www. *****
26. Give a definition and basic concepts of multimedia. Describe sound as an object of computer technology.
Test
«
Internet. Multimedia technologies"
Option No. 2
1. What type of network is called peer-to-peer?
1. local network;
2. global network;
3. corporate network;
4. regional network.
2. Communication channels usually used in computer networks are:
1. Cables;
2. Wires;
3. Radio communication,
4. All of the above.
3. The effectiveness of computer communication usually depends on:
1. Processor performance;
2. Memory capacities
3. Expansion possibilities,
4. All of the above.
4. A device that performs the functions of pairing computers with communication channels is called:
1. network card;
3. processor;
4. adapter.
5. Select from the following the most absolutely reliable communication channel:
1. fiber optic cable;
2. twisted pair;
3. coaxial cable;
4. telephone line.
6. Decipher the RVS.
7. A computer that provides its resources for use by other computers when working together is called:
1. adapter;
2. switch;
3. server;
4. client-server.
8. Draw a tree-type computer connection topology.
9. The MTU-INFORM company server address is set: dialup. *****. Specify its top-level domain and computer address on the network.
10. To enter data into the computer you can use:
1. Keyboard,
2. Printer,
4. All of the above.
11. INTERNET is:
1. Local information system,
2. Global information system,
3. Database,
4. Postal system.
12. The advantages of computer communication include:
1. Fast, accurate and direct exchange of information,
2. Ease of processing large amounts of information,
3. Quick access to information,
4. All of the above.
13. Electrical converting device signals to sound and vice versa are called:
1. Microprocessor,
2. Modem,
3. Language processor,
4. By telephone.
14. What makes it impossible to connect to the global network:
1. Computer type,
2. Composition of peripheral devices,
3. Lack of hard drive,
4. No phone.
15. A device that has a screen and a keyboard, but usually does not have its own processor, is called:
1. Display,
2. Server,
3. Terminal,
4. None of the above.
16. Electronic mail is a system on the global network called:
17. A computer network is...
1. a set of computers and various devices that provide information exchange between computers on a network without the use of any intermediate storage media
2. unification of computers located at great distances for the common use of world information resources
3. association of computers located at a short distance from each other
18. Protocols are...
1. specialized tools that allow real-time organization of user communication via computer communication channels
2. a set of rules governing the exchange of data on the network
3. an electronic information transfer system that allows each network user to access programs and documents stored on a remote computer
19. Match
a) an agreed set of standard protocols that implement them in software and hardware, sufficient to build a computer network and serve its users |
|
2. Workstation | b) a special computer that is designed to remotely launch applications, process requests for information from databases and provide communication with common external devices |
3. Network technology | c) it is an information technology for working on the network that allows people to communicate, quickly receive information and exchange it |
4. Information and communication technology | d) this is a personal computer that allows you to use the services provided by the servers |
20. In what year was Russia connected to the Internet?
21. The browser is...
1. information system, the main components of which are hypertext documents
2. program for viewing web pages
3. an Internet service that allows you to exchange electronic messages between computers via a network
22. Match
1. Local network | a) association of computers located at a great distance from each other |
2. Regional network | b) combining local networks within one corporation to solve common problems |
3. Corporate network | c) association of computers within one city, region, country |
4. Global network | d) association of computers located at a short distance from each other |
23. The email address is recorded according to certain rules. Remove unnecessary things
4. http://www. *****
24. Match
1. World Wide Web WWW | a) specialized tools that allow real-time organization of user communication via computer communication channels |
2. Email e-mail | b) an information system whose main components are hypertext documents |
3. FTP File Transfer | c) a system for forwarding correspondence between users on the network |
4. UseNet teleconference | d) an electronic information transmission system that allows each network user to access programs and documents stored on a remote computer |
5. Communication systems “on line” chat, ICQ | e) a system for exchanging information between multiple users |
25. Which search engines are international? Choose the correct answer
1. http://www. *****
2. http://www. *****
3. http://www. *****
4. http://www. *****
26. Describe the main multimedia equipment and requirements for it
Almost every owner of a personal computer, almost immediately after purchasing it, thinks about the issue of connecting to the World Wide Web, which makes it possible to communicate with people from all over the world, download and search for the necessary information, use all kinds of services (email, streaming multimedia) and services (web forums, blogs, online stores), and much more. Of course, the user is faced with the question: how to connect to the global network and what methods of this connection exist? If just a few years ago the majority of network users in the Russian Federation essentially had no choice but to use a modem connection via a telephone line (Dial-Up connection), now the situation in the information services market has changed significantly. This material is designed to help you understand among the multiple options for connecting to the network and choose the most optimal one for you.
NETWORK CONNECTION METHODS
At the moment, the most common methods of connecting to the World Wide Web are:
- An ordinary modem connection or the so-called dial-up access
- Modem connection via asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)
- Broadband access over a leased line (Ethernet)
- Access using Mobile WiMAX technology
- Access via Wi-Fi technology
- Mobile GPRS/3G access
- Satellite network connection
They differ in the principle of operation, the speed of sending data, reliability, the difficulty of setting up equipment, and, of course, cost.
CONNECTION SPEED
It is worth talking separately about the fundamental characteristic of each connection to the World Wide Web - the data transfer speed, which is determined by the amount transmitted to the user per unit of time (per 1 second). Typically, the amount of data transferred is determined either in kilobytes/second (KB/s) or kilobits/second (kbps). For ordinary users, the measurement in bytes is more understandable, since it does not contain cumbersome numbers. Remember that 1 byte = 8 bits, and this ratio remains true for quantities with prefixes: kilo, mega or giga. Knowing how to convert bytes to bits will come in handy when you start studying the tariffs of Internet providers who really like to indicate the Internet connection speed in bits, since in this case the figure turns out to be more impressive (8 times). Also keep in mind that for channels with high connection speeds, the measurement is already in megabits or megabytes per second.
To make everything completely clear, let's look at a small real example. If the provider promises you a speed of 5 Mbit/s, which is equivalent to 0.625 MB/sec (divide 5 by 8), this means that at best you will download a 100 MB file from the network in less than three minutes (100 / 0.625 = 160 sec).
Each user's use of the Internet can be different; for some it involves receiving a large amount of Internet traffic, for others it does not. For example, for ordinary web surfing (viewing website pages), the speed of an ordinary modem connection is sufficient, but this speed will not allow you to comfortably download large files from the network - high-quality music or films, software distributions and other “heavy” content. To take full advantage of the Internet, you will need higher speed access.
So, having understood the connection methods and the concept of connection speed, let's move on to their description.
DIAL ACCESS (DIAL-UP)
This is the “oldest” and widely used method of connecting to the global network using a modem and telephone line. However, in our time, it is being actively replaced by more modern connection methods and is now used either in rural (remote) areas where there is no possibility of connecting to the network using high-speed lines or by users with a very limited budget.
With this connection method, the user, every time to enter the global network, will have to dial through a telephone line using a modem in order to “get” to the provider’s modem pool. Following this, the provider checks the user's login name and password. If the entered parameters are successfully processed, the subscriber is assigned a free IP address, through which he gains access to the Internet.
.jpg)
The advantages of such a connection are: ease of configuration and installation of equipment (only a modem is needed), low cost of equipment.
There are many more disadvantages to a modem connection. The telephone line is busy at the moment when you are on the network, low speed of information transfer (usually 3-5 kb/s), low quality of communication and data transfer due to wear and tear of telephone lines and outdated equipment on the PBX. It is clear that with the speed provided by a modem connection, it is impossible to download large files from the Internet - videos, software distributions, etc.
To connect using this method, you will need an internal analog modem in case of a high-quality telephone line, or an external one if your telephone line leaves much to be desired.
HIGH SPEED ACCESS WITH ADSL TECHNOLOGY
A much more advanced and modern connection method compared to Dial-up connection. Literally, the abbreviation ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) can be translated as: “asymmetric digital subscriber line.” This technology allows you to provide high-speed access to the worldwide network via ordinary analog telephone wires (lines) using a special modem. Unfortunately, this connection method has one significant limitation - the PBX serving you must have ADSL equipment (multiplexer) installed. And if in large cities this is not a problem, then in the periphery many users may not have access to such a connection.
The main advantage of this method is the ease of installation and connection of equipment, as in the case of dial-up access (you only need a modem), and the maximum throughput of such a connection reaches 8 Mbit/s (up to 24 Mbit/s in the case of ADSL 2+). This is quite enough for effective work with various types of data and multimedia content. In addition, the technology does not load the regular telephone channel, and the subscriber does not need to dial up the provider, since the connection is permanent.
It must also be said about the possible disadvantages of this connection method. Not every user can be satisfied with the price of connection and the subscription fee charged by the provider for its services. And if in many European countries ADSL is the de facto standard for providing the population with inexpensive and fairly fast Internet, then in Russian conditions, a lot will depend on the region and the number of competing providers. In the absence of any competition in this area, you may be faced with greatly inflated rates.
There is one more negative point in ADSL technology, which is worth paying attention to all fans of peer-to-peer networks that use torrent clients to download information from the network. When using this type of connection, the speed of receiving (downloading) information from the Internet is much higher than uploading it, which violates the basic principles of file sharing in such networks.
Required equipment:
- ADSL modem
- ADSL splitter (usually included with the modem)
BROADBAND ACCESS
It is the optimal connection, as it can provide the highest speed of receiving and transmitting information on the global network (up to 100 Mbit/s). Broadband access makes it possible to use the Internet, its services and services with full efficiency and effectiveness.
In this case, the connection is made by the Internet provider, which runs a dedicated line (usually a twisted pair cable) to the subscriber’s computer (apartment) and issues a range of IP addresses for the subscriber to access the Internet.
The obvious advantages of this connection method are not only the high speed of information exchange, but also a free telephone number, constant interaction with the network, and excellent communication quality.
The only obstacle for many users may be the cost of installing and setting up such a connection, which directly depends on the distance of your computer to the connection point of the provider. Most likely, it will be higher compared to other connection methods. However, it is worth noting that: firstly, this is a one-time payment, and secondly, many providers, in order to attract customers, provide free connections.
To connect one computer, the user only needs a network card. Nowadays it is built into almost any computer. If you are deploying a home network for several computers that support a wireless connection, you will need an additional wireless router.
ACCESS THROUGH TECHNOLOGYMOBILEWIMAX
This technology is used to provide wireless broadband Internet access. WiMAX is a long-range system that covers kilometers of space and allows the user to receive both fixed access (similar to the usual xDSL only without wires) and mobile access, allowing you to connect to the network from anywhere within the coverage area. As a rule, fixed access is used to deploy small office and regional networks, but mobile access is aimed at the end user.
The first and largest mobile WiMAX network in Russia was deployed by Yota. The maximum data exchange speed in such networks is up to 10 Mbit/s, which allows you to comfortably download large files, watch videos or participate in on-line games. The connection to Yota itself is carried out using a special modem (usually in the form of a USB key fob) in a matter of minutes.
Unfortunately, the most important disadvantage of such a connection is its very limited distribution in the Russian Federation. At the moment, Mobile WiMAX from Yota is available only in eight cities of Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnodar, Sochi, Ufa, Vyborg, Luga and Serpukhov), and even within them in many areas the signal level leaves much to be desired.
ACCESS THROUGH TECHNOLOGYWI-FI
Unlike WiMAX, Wi-Fi is a system that covers much smaller spaces (no more than 150-200 m with one access point) and is usually used by users to access their own local networks, which, by the way, may not be connected to the Internet. This is an excellent solution for simultaneously connecting several computers to a network wirelessly, both at home and in a small office.
.jpg)
The access point itself, broadcasting the Wi-Fi radio signal, is connected to the World Wide Web using a wired connection. Wi-Fi networks are also often used in restaurants, cafes, shopping malls, airports and railway stations, through which visitors to these places can access the Internet for free. Thus, we can say that this technology is an auxiliary tool that allows many users to simultaneously use the capabilities of one broadband Internet connection point.
MOBILE INTERNET (GPRS/3G).
Due to the very rapid development of mobile communications in the Russian Federation, probably every adult already has a mobile phone. And if desired, it can also be used to access the global network. In fact, all providers these days offer the service of using a cell phone instead of a traditional modem, creating all sorts of special tariffs for this. In addition, almost all operators now offer independent solutions in the form of specialized GPRS/3G modems or routers with Wi-Fi support that can provide Internet access via mobile networks.
As a rule, this type of connection is the prerogative of users of mobile computers (laptops, netbooks), allowing them to use the Internet anywhere there is a cellular connection. It is also suitable for poorly accessible areas and places with poorly developed cable networks. For example, using a mobile connection can be very useful in a suburban area.
Compact 3G modem in the formUSB key fob
The main advantages of this connection method include high mobility and almost universal availability of connections in areas covered by cellular networks. Under favorable conditions, using modern 3G routers, mobile Internet speeds can reach 7 Mbit/s, and support for Wi-Fi technology will allow you to organize a connection to the global network for several devices at once.
But as always, there is a fly in the ointment, which may make it impractical to use this type of connection as the main one at home. The speed of such a connection greatly depends on the mobile operator and becomes acceptable only in 3G networks, the coverage density of which is not yet very high in the Russian Federation. Unfortunately, in many cases (lack of 3G networks, poor signal level), the speed of mobile Internet leaves much to be desired and is slightly superior in its characteristics to dial-up access. And this, in turn, imposes certain restrictions on its functionality.
We also note that with limited tariffs (imposing restrictions on the amount of information received from the Internet), allowing the use of mobile Internet at maximum speeds, the cost of traffic for such a connection will be quite high for many users. In the increasingly popular unlimited tariffs, as a rule, there is a serious limitation on the connection speed, which can be imposed after exceeding the unofficially established limit on the amount of downloaded data from their network.
Required equipment:
- Cable connecting the phone to the computer when using a phone
- GPRS/3G modem or router
SATELLITE INTERNET.
This method makes it possible to permanently connect computers to the network that are located considerable distances away from telephone lines (dacha area), and will also be useful in hard-to-reach areas with poor cellular signal reception.
Satellite connections can be asynchronous (one-way) or synchronous (two-way). We will not consider the second connection method, due to the high cost of the equipment (here the bill runs into tens of thousands of rubles).
Most often, satellite Internet is called an asynchronous (combined) access method - this is when information arrives to the user via a satellite dish, and the request for traffic from the user is transmitted by another connection - for example, through GPRS, ADSL or Dial-Up. It should be noted that the main requirement for the request channel is connection reliability.
The data transfer speed with this connection method can range from 256 to 4000 Kbps and greatly depends not only on the provider, but also on the chosen tariff plan.
The main advantage of a satellite connection to the Internet is the extremely low price of traffic (from 10 kopecks to 1 ruble per 1 megabyte), the ability to organize connections in remote areas, thanks to independence from land lines and the availability of satellite television.
The disadvantages include: the need to have a channel for outgoing traffic - usually a cell phone with GPRS support and the fairly high cost of equipment and its installation.
Required equipment:
- Satellite dish with bracket
- DVB card for decoding satellite signal
- Converter
CONCLUSION
So, having considered all the main ways to connect to the global Internet, let’s summarize. Undoubtedly, the fastest and highest quality connection to the global network will be wired broadband access. Data exchange through peer-to-peer networks, IP telephony, IP television, local resources of local networks, deployment of your own wireless Wi-Fi network and of course full use of all kinds of Internet services - all this will be available to you when using this high-speed connection. Unfortunately, this type of connection is only available in large cities where fiber optic communication lines are installed.
A good alternative to broadband access is ADSL technology, which also allows high-speed network access (up to 8 Mbit/s) and quite efficient use of all the capabilities of the Internet. True, those who like to exchange files using torrent clients may encounter serious troubles due to the peculiarities of this technology, and as a result, the low upload speed. You should also remember that the presence of a telephone line does not yet guarantee that you will be able to use this connection method, since another necessary condition is the placement of special ADSL equipment on your PBX.
The use of mobile technologies to connect to the network at home is most advisable in areas with low cable coverage, as well as in highly inflated tariffs for wired Internet services. But remember that comfortable work on the global network is only possible in third-generation 3G cellular networks. Otherwise, the speed of information exchange will leave much to be desired. And of course, this connection method is most in demand by owners of cell phones, tablets, netbooks and other mobile devices who want to have access to the Internet anywhere in the coverage area of cellular networks.
If you are planning to connect to the Internet in a place with a low level of cable coverage, where there are no fixed telephone lines or local telephone exchanges are not equipped with specialized equipment, and there are no 3G mobile networks, then satellite Internet will be the most optimal solution. Low cost of traffic, acceptable data exchange speed and the ability to watch satellite television are the main advantages of such a connection among wireless solutions. True, you will have to fork out money for the purchase and installation of equipment.
The promising MobileWiMAX technology has the undoubted advantage of high speed and ease of connecting to the network. Essentially, it's the Internet in your pocket. In a matter of minutes, almost any computer can be connected to the World Wide Web using a miniature modem designed in the form of a USB key fob. Only the coverage area of such networks in Russia is now negligible, and the thick walls of your house can become an insurmountable obstacle to the passage of a weak signal. So before choosing this connection method, check out the coverage area in your region and its availability in general.
Connection using dial-up access (Dial-Up) today can be considered completely outdated, and its use can only be imagined as a budget option on telephone lines that do not support ADSL technology.
In conclusion, let's say a few words about prices. In large cities of Russia, due to the growing competition between Internet providers and the massive development of local networks, access to the World Wide Web is becoming less and less expensive. From the point of view of choosing a tariff plan, unlimited Internet access with a fixed monthly subscription fee can be considered the most profitable. For example, in Moscow for 400 - 500 rubles per month you can connect to the network at a speed of 8 - 10 Mbit/s, the cost of unlimited mobile Internet will cost you 390 rubles, and connecting to MobileWiMAX at maximum speed will cost 1,400 rubles. But in provinces or small towns, prices for services providing access to the global network can be greatly inflated due to weak competition among providers or its complete absence. In such cases, pay attention to mobile connection tariffs or satellite Internet, in which pricing does not depend on the region.
That's all. Good luck connecting to the global network!